面有可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 叉尿管发炎A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )叉尿管发炎出自叉和小肠间，通常地处叉尿管的下1/3 ，但也可出自仅地处叉下。这些发炎可显出为完全无水声或低水声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 所示11A，叉尿管发炎，此发炎已受病菌，内部含有即便如此水声的液体。B，叉尿管发炎，紧绷的发炎前壁造成了反射伪影。

..Endometriosis阴囊肾脏甲状腺肿Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).外周阴囊肾脏甲状腺肿是阴囊外科出院的长期合并症，无独有显出，但可于实际上外科手术的瘢痕东南侧见一局部肿物，并有周期连续性的呕吐和水肿。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 所示12 ，剖宫产伤疤东南侧阴囊肾脏甲状腺肿

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 外周血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).褐直肌鞘血肿可发生于头痛连续性呕吐后、喷嚏或癫痫头痛后，其根本原因通常是抗凝治疗或出血连续性疾病。由于血肿限制于褐直肌鞘内，通常不很大，其形状根据所东南侧位置而定，在前端两条路线以上，血肿都为卵圆形，公转周期呈上下方向，可于一侧碰见（所示13A）；在前端两条路线以下，由于褐白两条路线缺如，可扩充横过中两条路线，因此血肿显出为分齿状，其最大长度地处垂直轴上。在婴孩外周血肿可出自叉上纵向扩充（所示13B、C）。术后弥散连续性血管内过氧化物的病症可于外周外科手术瘢痕附近碰见大的血肿（所示13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 所示13A，一中年妇女无可避免呕吐后褐直肌鞘血肿，左下角指示褐横筋膜。B，婴孩外周血肿。C，一婴孩叉褐膜附着东南侧上面的外周血肿。UV，叉褐膜。D，一弥散连续性血管内过氧化物的剖宫产术后病症脸颊东南侧外周血肿。

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